A rebel media center in Raqqah closed its offices in protest against the torture of an activist by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Sham. The Shuhada’ Bader battalion clashed with ISIS in Aleppo. Kurdish YPG forces continued to clash with ISIS and allied rebels in Aleppo, and with ISIS, the Al Nusrah Front, and allied rebels in Hasakah. During the period from Oct. 21 to Oct. 28 when ISIS, the Al Nusrah Front, the al-Khadra’ battalion, Maghawir Baba A’mru battalion, and several rebel battalions occupied the Christian town of Sadad in Homs, at least 45 civilians were killed, including 15 women. A car bomb exploded in Reef Dimashq, killing one person and wounding several more. Al Nusrah released a video showing six IED attacks in Aleppo and Deraa. ISIS released a second set of English-language posters promoting jihad.