Mali

ECOWAS seeks an early 2013 start date for a military intervention; France promised financial aid and urged quick action. ECOWAS criticized the UN’s cautious approach on Mali; the presidents of Mali and Niger said the UN’s “backpedaling” was unjustified. Malian militias are training male and female recruits to battle Islamists in northern Mali.

Iraq

Islamic state

Syria

Aqap

Al shabaab

Boko Haram

Isis